Adopting a child from overseas is one of the most meaningful and life-changing journeys a family can take. But as an immigration solicitor, I know it’s also one of the most complex, especially when it comes to bringing your adopted child to the UK. In this post, I’ll walk you through the key legal routes, requirements, and practical steps involved in international adoption from an immigration perspective, based on the latest 2025 guidance.
Understanding the Legal Framework
The UK recognises several legal pathways for international adoption under the Immigration Rules Appendix Adoption.
These include:
- Hague Convention Adoptions
For adoptions made through countries that are signatories to the Hague Convention. These are generally recognised by UK law and often completed overseas. - Recognised Overseas Adoptions
Where the adoption has taken place in a country whose adoption laws are recognised by the UK, or where the UK High Court has issued a recognition order. - De Facto Adoptions
Where a child has lived with the adoptive parents overseas for at least 12 months, and there has been a genuine transfer of parental responsibility. - Coming to the UK for Adoption
Where the child is coming to the UK to be adopted under UK law. This route requires a certificate of eligibility from a UK adoption agency.
Each route has its own requirements, and choosing the right one depends on your circumstances and the country involved.
Immigration Requirements
To bring your adopted child to the UK, you’ll typically need to:
- Apply for entry clearance (a visa) under the appropriate adoption route.
- Prove that the adoption is genuine and legal under both UK and foreign law.
- Show that you have suitable accommodation and the financial means to support the child.
- Provide evidence of your immigration status—usually British citizenship or settled status.
- In some cases, undergo a home study assessment by a UK-approved adoption agency.
If the adoption is not recognised under UK law, you may need to complete the adoption process again in the UK.
What’s New in 2025?
The May 2025 update to the Immigration Rules (HC 733) introduced a few key changes
- Stricter documentation checks for de facto adoptions, including proof of continuous cohabitation and parental responsibility.
- Faster processing times for Hague Convention cases, with a new 12-week service standard.
- Digital submission of supporting documents via the UKVI portal reduces delays and paperwork.
These changes aim to streamline the process while ensuring child welfare remains the top priority.
Common Pitfalls in International Adoption (and How to Avoid Them)
As a solicitor, I often see families run into trouble because of:
- Incomplete paperwork – especially when dealing with foreign legal systems.
- Misunderstanding the adoption route – choosing the wrong one can lead to refusals.
- Timing issues – for example, applying before the adoption is legally finalised.
My advice? Get legal advice early, and work closely with both your adoption agency and immigration solicitor to ensure everything aligns.
Final Thoughts
International adoption is a beautiful way to build a family, but it’s also a legal process that requires care, patience, and precision. If you’re considering adopting from overseas and bringing your child to the UK, make sure you understand the immigration implications from the start.
If you need help navigating the process, I’d be happy to support you. Every family’s journey is unique, and it’s a privilege to help bring them together.
Get in Touch
Joanna Safadi is an Associate Partner and Immigration solicitor advising on visa applications, international adoption and sponsorship licences. If you’d like to get in touch, please call 03301 624 681 or via our contact form.